The incident occurred as Mr Corbyn was visiting Muslim Welfare House in Seven Sisters Road, not far from where the MP lives, around 4pm (GMT) on Sunday.
The Metropolitan Police confirmed that a 41-year-old man was “quickly detained by officers on scene” and arrested on suspicion of assault.
The man was held in custody at a north London police station, the Met said.
Mr Corbyn had been visiting Muslim Welfare House and Finsbury Park Mosque for ‘Visit My Mosque Day’ – an annual campaign organised by the Muslim Council of Britain (MCB).
The Press Association said Mr Corbyn was chatting to community leaders when a man came from behind him and hit him on the head with an egg.
The Labour leader left with a police escort around 6.30pm (GMT).
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Mr Corbyn later tweeted praising Visit My Mosque Day as a “fantastic opportunity” for communities, without commenting on the egging.
His Labour colleague MP Jess Phillips tweeted that “acts of violence against politicians loses your argument, lessens your cause and demeans our democracy”.
A Metropolitan Police spokesman said: “On Sunday, March 3 at around 3:52pm an egg was thrown at a Member of Parliament.”